İslami Finans Açısından Katılım Bankalarının Fon Kullandırma Yöntemlerinin Gelişimi Ve Bugünkü Durumu: Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankaları Açısından 2018 Yılı itibariyle Durum Analizi

In Islamic countries, participation banks have very important function in terms of economic development. The solution of financing needs without using interest-based funding sources which has been forbidden by Islam is a very important issue for companies with Islamic sensitivities. The companies operate in markets dominated by conventional finance. Also, they have difficulty in competing against their rival having methods of finding and using unlimited funds. The development of Islamic finance methods and easy access to funding are very important for the companies. The biggest problem today is that the participation banks cannot develop themselves in terms of funding methods. Besides, they cannot compete with them in providing the facilities that conventional banks can provide. Finally, their approaches to the companies that have difficulty in fund-raising and fund repayments are like conventional-interest banks. Sometimes the banking bureaucracies are much more complex, and the solution can be longer. Today, when we look at the funding methods of participation banks operating in Turkey, it is seen to not change the structure on past and to not been used funding methods based on profit/loss partnership which is structure Islam really wants. Participation banks concentrate on murabaha and other credit-like methods which they consider as less risky. These methods require less expertise in view of the banks. Also, they are methods which are less risky, constant, and have predetermined return because credit is guaranteed through deposit payment. On the other hand, in view of firms, there is no difference between risk of using funds through these methods and risk of using funds through other methods which conventional banks have. Therefore, Islamic banking, in view of banks, is far from providing economic vitality desired. Nowadays, funding methods of participation banks are weighted in favour of loan. In this way, participation banks are very far from providing the expected benefits and fulfilling expectations of firms. Thus, it should be developed model proposals to improve funding methods which are based on profit/loss partnership and sharing risk and revenue.