An anatomic study of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in human fetuses

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the anatomic course of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) and its branches in relation to certain anatomic landmarks in human fetuses. Methods: This study was performed on 50 thighs from 25 spontaneously aborted fetuses with no detectable malformations. The LFCN position was evaluated according to its relation to the anterior superior iliac spine and its distance from the femoral nerve and femoral artery were measured along the inguinal ligament (IL). The relationship between the LFCN and femoral nerve in the pelvic cavity was also evaluated. Results: The branching pattern of the nerve was classified according to number and branching location of the main trunk as: Type I, a single trunk; Type II, two trunks, Type III;: three trunks, and Type IV: LFCN branching above or behind the IL. Sub-types of the LFCN were determined in accordance with the number of branches of the main trunk. Up to four branches of the LFCN were found; two branches originating from a single trunk was the most common type (54%). The most common site of the LFCN was observed nearly adjacent to the anterior superior iliac spine. In 11 lower limbs, the femoral nerve was accompanying with the LFCN on its course in pelvic cavity. Conclusion: The results of this study on the morphological features and variations of the LFCN in fetuses provide understanding of its variability for further studies in the region.