Non-linear flow modes of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
Abstract
The pT-differential non-linear flow modes, v4,22, v5,32, v6,33 and v6,222 for π
±,
K±, K0
S
, p + p, Λ + Λ and φ-meson have been measured for the first time at √
sNN =
5.02 TeV in Pb-Pb collisions with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The
results were obtained with a multi-particle technique, correlating the identified hadrons
with reference charged particles from a different pseudorapidity region. These non-linear
observables probe the contribution from the second and third order initial spatial anisotropy
coefficients to higher flow harmonics. All the characteristic features observed in previous
pT-differential anisotropic flow measurements for various particle species are also present in
the non-linear flow modes, i.e. increase of magnitude with increasing centrality percentile,
mass ordering at low pT and particle type grouping in the intermediate pT range. Hydrodynamical calculations (iEBE-VISHNU) that use different initial conditions and values of
shear and bulk viscosity to entropy density ratios are confronted with the data at low transverse momenta. These calculations exhibit a better agreement with the anisotropic flow
coefficients than the non-linear flow modes. These observations indicate that non-linear
flow modes can provide additional discriminatory power in the study of initial conditions
as well as new stringent constraints to hydrodynamical calculations.
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